Volcanoes are a common landform, formed by the accumulation of underground molten material and solid debris carried by them after flushing out of the surface.
100 to 150 kilometers below the earth's crust, there is a "liquid zone", in which there is a molten silicate material containing volatile gas components under high temperature and high pressure, that is, magma. Volcanoes form as soon as it bursts out of the surface from a weak section of the Earth's crust.
While the volcano brings us visual shock, it also brings us a lot of artistic inspiration. This article will take an inventory of the five major volcanoes in the world and take a look at their true appearances. While bringing beauty, they also have uncontrollable tempers.
1. Mount Tambora
Tambora volcano is a dormant volcano on the north coast of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. A major eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 lasted from April 5 to mid-July and was the largest recorded volcanic eruption in the world, with a Volcanic Explosion Index (VEI) of 7.
When the smoke dissipated, it could be seen that Mount Tambora had "sprayed off the top of the mountain", and its height had been reduced from 4,100 meters to 2,850 meters, and the loud volcanic eruption could be heard 2,500 kilometers away.
An estimated 60,000 people were killed, and some scholars have verified that Mount Tambora slept for 5,000 years before its 1815 eruption.
2. Krakatoa Volcano
August 27, 1883 was the most violent Krakatoa eruption known to man, but it was not the most powerful Krakatoa eruption.
According to some evidence, around 535 AD, when the Roman Empire fell, Krakatoa erupted with dozens of times the power of the 1883 eruption. Some scientists have proved that the 535 Krakatoa eruption was 1883. The annual Krakatoa volcano erupted dozens of times as powerful.
In the 1883 eruption, very few people died at the time of the eruption because the Krakatoa volcanic area was uninhabited. But the volcano's collapse unleashed a cascade of tsunamis, or seismic tidal waves, that have been recorded as far away as South America and Hawaii.
After the most violent eruption, the largest wave was as high as 40 meters, killing some 36,000 people in several cities near the coasts of Java and Sumatra.
3. Mount St. Helens
The volcano's recorded massive eruption occurred in May 1980, killing 57 people and blanketing large areas of the western United States with ash. The eruption shaved 300 meters off the top of the mountain, and 2.5 cubic kilometers of debris from the collapse washed directly into the valley below.
After 2004, the volcanic activity gradually became more active and produced small-scale eruptions. The Mount St. Helens area has now become a national volcanic spot in the United States, and the government has opened a dedicated channel for tourists and uses the site to educate people about the dangers of volcanic eruptions.
4. Mount Pinatubo
The explosive eruption of June 15, 1991, was one of the world's largest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century, spewing massive ash and pyroclastic flows. The eruption lowered the peak's height by about 300 meters and spewed 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, which reduced Earth's sunlight by 10 percent. The result is a two-year volcanic winter on Earth.
5. Mount Ruiz
On the evening of November 13, 1985, Mount Ruiz erupted again. This was a moderate-sized eruption (Volcanic Eruption Index VEI of 3). However, no one expected that, a few hours later, more than 23,000 people would be killed by the lahar in cities and villages dozens of kilometers away from the volcano. The Ruiz Volcano has left an extremely painful lesson and endless regrets to mankind.
